bureaucracy

英 [,bj?(?)'r?kr?s?] 美[bj?'rɑkr?si]

CET6TEM4IELTSGRE考研中低頻詞常用詞匯

復數(shù):?bureaucracies;

bureaucracy 官僚主義

bureau, 辦公室。cracy, 統(tǒng)治。

bureaucracy (n.): 1818, from French bureaucratie, coined by French economist Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712-1759) on model of democratie, aristocratie, from bureau "office," literally "desk" (see bureau) + Greek suffix -kratia denoting "power of" (see -cracy).
That vast net-work of administrative tyranny ... that system of bureaucracy, which leaves no free agent in all France, except for the man at Paris who pulls the wires. [J.S. Mill, "Westminster Review" XXVIII, 1837]

bureaucrat, &c. The formation is so barbarous that all attempt at self-respect in pronunciation may perhaps as well be abandoned. [Fowler]

1. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.: 人們經(jīng)常抱怨不得不應付太多的繁文縟節(jié)。

2. His firm must contend with the unwieldy Russian bureaucracy.: 他的公司必須與俄羅斯龐大的官僚機構(gòu)周旋。

3. They're making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy.: 他們正努力精簡本來繁冗復雜的官僚體制。